![]() ![]() Modular arithmetic is extremely important in the field of cryptography, which encodes information using modulo operations with a very large modulus. ![]() Its like a division problem, except that the answer is the remainder of an integer division. Modular arithmetic is the field of mathematics which concerns these types of operations, where values "wrap around" (reset to zero) when they reach a modulus value. Modulo, often abbreviated mod, is a mathematical operation. Examplesġ1 mod 4 = 3, because 11 divides by 4 (twice), with 3 remaining.Ģ5 mod 5 = 0, because 25 divides by 5 (five times), with 0 remaining.ģ mod 2 = 1, because 3 divides by 2 (once), with 1 remaining.ĥ mod 2 = 1, because all odd numbers yield a remainder of 1 when divided by 2. Where a is the dividend, b is the divisor (or modulus), and r is the remainder. In writing, it is frequently abbreviated as mod, or represented by the symbol %. Modulo is a math operation that finds the remainder when one integer is divided by another.
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